Intervención comunitaria con población magrebí en Crevillent (Alicante): prevención de hepatitis A en migrantes viajeros / Community-based intervention with a Maghreb population in Crevillent (Alicante): hepatitis A prevention in immigrant travellers

Objetivos: En este artículo describimos una iniciativa surgida desde salud pública para prevenir casos de hepatitis A en población magrebí de Crevillent que fuese a viajar a su país próximamente. El objetivo principal fue contribuir a reducir la incidencia de casos importados de hepatitis A en migrantes viajeros magrebíes.Metodología. Iniciativa implementada en dos ámbitos: sanitario (envío de circular a centros de Atención Primaria con recomendaciones desde salud pública para identificar y vacunar de hepatitis A a migrantes viajeros no inmunes); comunitario (charlas grupales adaptadas a la población diana).Resultados. La intervención comunitaria (94 participantes) tuvo muy buena acogida y se involucraron tanto líderes comunitarios como mediadores interculturales. El número de primeras dosis de vacuna pediátrica de hepatitis A administradas el mes siguiente a la intervención fue muy superior al del mes previo.Conclusión. La intervención interdisciplinar aquí presentada mostró eficacia tanto a nivel sanitario como a nivel comunitario. (AU)

Objectives: In this article we report a public health initiative to prevent cases of hepatitis A in the Maghrebi population of Crevillent who were going to travel to their country in the near future. The main aim was to contribute to reduce the incidence of hepatitis A imported cases among Maghrebi immigrant travellers.Methods. The initiative was implemented in two areas: healthcare (by sending a circular to primary care centres with public health recommendations to identify and vaccinate non-immune migrant travellers against hepatitis A); community (informative group talks tailored to the target population).Results. The community intervention (94 participants) was very well received and involved both community leaders and intercultural mediators. The number of initial doses of paediatric hepatitis A vaccine administered in the month following the intervention was much higher than in the previous month.Conclusion. The interdisciplinary intervention presented here revealed efficacy at both healthcare and community levels. (AU)

[Global HIV epidemiology and current migration]. / Epidemiologia del VIH/sida en el mundo y el fenómeno migratorio actual.

One of the current characteristics of migration is its tendency to concentrate in industrialized countries, as well as its feminization and diversity. From a healthcare point of view, the phenomenon of migration has aroused interest in the possible transfer of transmissible infectious diseases from some regions to others and the impact that this could have on public health. When discussing immigration and AIDS, there is a risk of stigmatizing vulnerable people, who are generally healthy. Some of the infectious diseases these people contract are partly due to the conditions experienced on the journey or once they are settled in the host country. The epidemiological pattern of HIV transmission in immigrants is the same as that in their countries of origin. Although the distribution of HIV subtypes is more or less localized, there is a tendency toward progressive dispersion of all subtypes in different geographical areas and toward new recombinant subtypes.

[HIV infection in immigrants]. / Infección por el VIH en inmigrantes.

Immigration to Spain has greatly increased since 1995. Currently, more than 4 million foreigners are resident in the country. The immigration process increases vulnerability. The most common route of HIV infection in the immigrant population and ethnic minorities is heterosexual transmission. The number of people living with HIV worldwide (39.5 million people in 2006) and the number of those dying from AIDS continues to increase. In 2006, there were an estimated 30,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Spain. The number of cases of AIDS in immigrants has risen in the last few years. AIDS in immigrants from any country, and especially in those from sub-Saharan Africa, is associated with a greater frequency of tuberculosis disease. Knowledge of opportunistic pathogens with tropical distribution is required for a correct differential diagnosis. Throughout the European Union, the number of AIDS cases has progressively decreased since the introduction of highly effective anti- HIV treatment, but this decrease has been significantly lower in immigrants. The difference may be due to lower access to health systems caused by administrative, legal, cultural and linguistic barriers.

VIH e inmigración: intersección de dos conjuntos / No disponible

No disponible

Epidemiologia del VIH/sida en el mundo y el fenómeno migratorio actual / Global HIV epidemiology and current migration

Una de las características actuales de la inmigración es su tendencia a concentrarse en los países industrializados, así como su feminización y su diversidad. Desde el punto de vista sanitario, el fenómeno migratorio ha despertado interés por el posible trasvase de enfermedades infecciosas transmisibles de unas zonas a otras, y el impacto que ello puede suponer en el ámbito de la salud pública. Cuando se habla de inmigración y sida se corre el peligro de estigmatizar a unas personas vulnerables, que generalmente son una población sana. Algunas enfermedades infecciosas que estos pacientes acaban presentando, en parte, se deben a las condiciones que experimentan durante el periplo migratorio o una vez establecidos en el país de acogida. Los inmigrantes siguen el patrón epidemiológico de transmisión del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de su país de origen. A pesar de la distribución más o menos localizada de los subtipos del VIH, la tendencia es la de la dispersión progresiva de todos ellos en distintas áreas geográficas y hacia nuevos subtipos recombinantes

One of the current characteristics of migration is its tendency to concentrate in industrialized countries, as well as its feminization and diversity. From a healthcare point of view, the phenomenon of migration has aroused interest in the possible transfer of transmissible infectious diseases from some regions to others and the impact that this could have on public health. When discussing immigration and AIDS, there is a risk of stigmatizing vulnerable people, who are generally healthy. Some of the infectious diseases these people contract are partly due to the conditions experienced on the journey or once they are settled in the host country. The epidemiological pattern of HIV transmission in immigrants is the same as that in their countries of origin. Although the distribution of HIV subtypes is more or less localized, there is a tendency toward progressive dispersion of all subtypes in different geographical areas and toward new recombinant subtypes

Infección por el VIH en inmigrantes / HIV infection in migrants

Desde 1995, España se convierte en un país receptor de inmigrantes, fenómeno que no ha parado de aumentar hasta nuestros días. Actualmente residen en España más de 4 millones de extranjeros. La inmigración tiene la capacidad de poner a los individuos en situación de más vulnerabilidad. El mecanismo de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en inmigrantes y minorías étnicas más frecuente es el heterosexual. El número de personas que viven con el VIH en el mundo sigue aumentando (39,5 millones de personas en 2006), así como el de defunciones causadas por el sida. En el año 2006, se estimaba que en España había aproximadamente 130.000 personas que vivían con el VIH/sida, y los casos de sida en personas originarias de otros países han aumentado en los últimos años. El sida en inmigrantes de cualquier origen, y más en los de África subsahariana, se asocia a una frecuencia más elevada de enfermedad tuberculosa. Para hacer un diagnóstico diferencial correcto, es necesario conocer los agentes patógenos oportunistas de distribución tropical. En toda la Unión Europea se observa una disminución progresiva de los casos de sida desde la introducción del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad, pero esta disminución es significativamente menor en los inmigrantes. Esto podría deberse a un acceso peor a los sistemas de salud por barreras administrativas, legales, lingüísticas y culturales

Immigration to Spain has greatly increased since 1995. Currently, more than 4 million foreigners are resident in the country. The immigration process increases vulnerability. The most common route of HIV infection in the immigrant population and ethnic minorities is heterosexual transmission. The number of people living with HIV worldwide (39.5 million people in 2006) and the number of those dying from AIDS continues to increase. In 2006, there were an estimated 30,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Spain. The number of cases of AIDS in immigrants has risen in the last few years. AIDS in immigrants from any country, and especially in those from sub-Saharan Africa, is associated with a greater frequency of tuberculosis disease. Knowledge of opportunistic pathogens with tropical distribution is required for a correct differential diagnosis. Throughout the European Union, the number of AIDS cases has progressively decreased since the introduction of highly effective antiHIV treatment, but this decrease has been significantly lower in immigrants. The difference may be due to lower access to health systems caused by administrative, legal, cultural and linguistic barriers